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Treatments for vaginal cancer, such as brachytherapy, surgery, and radiation, can leave vaginal tissue fragile. After treatment, the vagina might be scarred, shortened or tight. Your vagina might be reconstructed from other tissues and might need extra care. Pelvic floor or vaginal therapy might help you recover after treatment.

Some people might be advised to use vaginal dilators, which are put into the vagina to gently stretch the vaginal tissue, gradually making it more elastic over time.

Some treatments can also cause vaginal dryness, making sex uncomfortable. The use of lubrication or other topical medicines can help.

Learn more in Treating Sexual Problems for Women With Cancer.

Some people must have their uterus removed as a part of their treatment. Others might get radiation to the pelvis. These treatments can affect fertility. Treatments that affect the ovaries’ ability to make hormones might also cause early menopause in younger people.

Common symptoms of early menopause include fatigue, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, reduced sexual desire and pleasure, bone loss, and changes in mood.

Talk with your care team about fertility preservation options before treatment and ways to treat symptoms of early menopause.

Radiation scarring can cause problems like narrowing of the bowel or irritation of the bladder (cystitis) or rectum (proctitis). This can cause symptoms such as frequent or painful urination, or constipation. This can begin months or years after treatment.

Radiation can also cause abnormal connections (called fistulas) to form between the vagina and the bladder, rectum, or uterus.

Pelvic radiation can weaken the bones, leading to fractures of the hips or pelvic bones. Low estrogen levels after radiation to the ovaries can also increase the risk of fractures.

Cancer treatments are an important part of treating cancer, but some treatments can increase the risk of developing another cancer later in life. Survivors of vaginal cancer who were treated with certain chemotherapy medicines (platinum chemotherapy such as cisplatin or carboplatin) or radiation have a higher risk of a second cancer later on.

Adopting healthy behaviors such as not smoking, eating well, getting regular physical activity, and staying at a healthy weight might help prevent long-term health problems.

If lymph nodes are removed as a part of surgery to treat vaginal cancer, it can affect fluid drainage from the legs. If fluid builds up, it can cause lymphedema (swelling). This is more common if radiation or chemotherapy is given after surgery.

Support stockings or special compression devices might help reduce swelling. People with lymphedema need to be very careful to avoid an injury or infection in the affected leg or legs.

Learn more in Lymphedema.

People treated with platinum chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, are at increased risk of developing hearing problems.

During and after treatment, you might have a test called an audiogram to assess any damage from chemo. If your hearing has been affected by chemotherapy, your cancer team might recommend seeing a hearing specialist, called an audiologist, to discuss hearing aids.

Your kidneys can be affected by:

• Chemo drugs like cisplatin
• Radiation to the abdomen  

Your cancer care team might recommend regular kidney function testing to find and manage any problems after treatment.

is damage to the nerves that control how the body moves and feels. It might occur after treatment with drugs like cisplatin. Symptoms of neuropathy, like numbness, pain, or tingling, might get better once treatment is stopped, but sometimes they can be permanent.